Ke piʻi aʻe nei nā kumukūʻai no nā mea ʻenekele waiwai ʻole (REE) a me ka noi no nā miners akamai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa politika a me ka pūʻali koa ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kina, hōʻike ʻo Nikkei Asia.
Ua hoʻomalu ʻo Kina i ka ʻoihana honua laha ʻole a ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻāina me kahi kaulahao lako piha mai ka mining, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻāina laha.
E like me ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻomalu ʻo ia i ka 55 pakeneka o ka mana honua a me ka 85 pakeneka o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe honua, e like me ka mea noiʻi waiwai ʻo Roskill.
E ulu maoli paha kēlā mana aupuni, ʻoiai ua haʻi aku ʻo Beijing i kona makemake e "hui aloha" me ke aupuni Taliban hou o Afghanistan, e noho ana ma luna o $1 trillion waiwai o nā minela i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, e like me ka poʻe loea honua.
I kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻoweliweli ʻo Kina e hoʻōki a ʻoki paha i nā mea kūʻai aku, hoʻouna ka panic honua i nā kumu kūʻai metala honua.
He mea koʻikoʻi nā mea o ka honua rare i nā ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki - nā mea āpau mai nā missiles, nā mokulele mokulele e like me ka F-35, i nā turbines makani, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mea hana mana, nā kelepona kelepona, a me nā kaʻa no nā kaʻa hybrid a me ka uila.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi hōʻike e ka Congressional Research Service i kēlā me kēia F-35 e koi ana i 417 kilokani o nā mea ʻike honua e hana i nā mea koʻikoʻi e like me nā ʻōnaehana mana a me nā magnets.
Wahi a Nikkei Asia, ua manaʻo ʻo Max Hsiao, he luna koʻikoʻi ma kahi mea hana leo leo ma Dongguan, Kina, ua hele mai ka extrusion mai kahi alloy magnetic i kapa ʻia ʻo neodymium praseodymium.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hui metala ʻo Hsiao e hoʻohana ai e hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea ʻōlelo no Amazon a me ka mea hana pona ʻo Lenovo ua pālua ʻia mai Iune o ka makahiki i hala ma kahi o 760,000 yuan ($117,300) hoʻokahi tonne i ʻAukake.
"ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumu kūʻai o kēia ʻano mea magnetik ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā mākou ʻāpana nui ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20 pakeneka… he hopena nui loa ia," wahi a Xiao iā Nikkei Asia.
He mea koʻikoʻi lākou i ke ʻano o nā mea ʻenehana - nā mea āpau mai nā mea haʻiʻōlelo a me nā kaʻa kaʻa uila a hiki i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea kaua pololei.
Ua piʻi aʻe ʻo 21.1% mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻo ka holmium, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻokalakupua a me nā magnetostrictive alloys no nā mea ʻike a me nā mea hana, ua piʻi aʻe ma kahi o 50%. .
Me ka liʻiliʻi o nā lako lako, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o ka honua hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea uila uila ma ka papa.
I kēia manawa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka honua, ke hoʻomaka nei ka ʻāina wao nahele kiʻekiʻe o Nevada e ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā mea ʻano honua.
Ma Nevada, ma kahi o 15,000 ka poʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana mining o ka mokuʻāina. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Tire Gray ʻo Nevada Mining Association (NVMA) ua lilo ka ʻoihana "ma kahi o 500 mau hana liʻiliʻi" - i hana ʻia no nā makahiki.
Ke nānā nei ʻo ʻAmelika e hoʻopaʻa i nā kaulahao hoʻolako home no nā mea ʻenehana honua a me nā mineral koʻikoʻi e like me ka lithium, e ulu wale ka pono o nā miners, e like me ka hōʻike ma Northern Nevada Business Week.
Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia nā ʻeke lithium i ka makahiki 1970 a ua kūʻai ʻia e Sony i ka makahiki 1991, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa i nā kelepona kelepona, nā mokulele, a me nā kaʻa.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā pihi ʻē aʻe, e nalowale ana ma kahi o 5% i hoʻokahi mahina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 20% no nā pā NiCd.
"Pono e hoʻopiha i nā hana a mākou e waiho nei i kēia manawa, a he mea pono e hoʻopiha i nā hana e hana ʻia ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi mai ka ʻoihana mining," wahi a Gray.
I kēlā hopena, kuhikuhi ʻo Gray i ka papahana lithium i manaʻo ʻia ma Thacker Pass ma Humboldt County, kokoke i Orowada.
"Pono lākou i nā limahana hana e hoʻomohala i kā lākou mau mines, akā pono lākou ma kahi o 400 mau limahana manawa piha e holo i nā mines," haʻi aku ʻo Gray iā NNBW.
ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa nā pilikia o ka hana ma Nevada. Wahi a ka US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), ua manaʻo ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana mining a me ka ʻenekinia e 4% wale nō mai 2019 a 2029.
Ke piʻi mau nei ka noi no nā mineral koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā limahana akamai e hoʻopiha nei i nā hakahaka hana.
Ua ʻōlelo kekahi ʻelele o Nevada Gold Mines: "Pomaikai mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o kā mākou ʻoihana.Eia naʻe, hoʻohui pū kēia i nā pilikia mai kahi hiʻohiʻona limahana.
"Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻo ke kumu koke ma hope o kēia ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hopena moʻomeheu i ka United States.
"Ma hope o ka luku ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ke ola o ka poʻe, e like me nā hui ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika, ʻike mākou i kekahi o kā mākou limahana e nānā hou ana i kā lākou mau koho ola."
Ma Nevada, he $52,400 ka uku makahiki ma waena o nā mea hana miner ma lalo o ka honua;e like me ka BLS, ua pālua a ʻoi aku nā uku no ka mining a me nā ʻenekini geological ($93,800 a i $156,000).
Ma waho aʻe o nā pilikia o ka huki ʻana i nā talena hou i loko o ka ʻoihana, aia nā mines o Nevada ma nā wahi mamao o ka mokuʻāina - ʻaʻole ke kīʻaha kī a kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka poʻe miners i uhi ʻia i ka lepo a me ka ʻehu e hana ana i nā kūlana pōʻino, e puhi ana i ka uahi ʻeleʻele mai nā mīkini kahiko. He kiʻi ʻo Dickens.
"ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻike pinepine ka poʻe i ka ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana i ka makahiki 1860, a i ʻole kahi ʻoihana 1960," i haʻi aku ai ʻo Gray iā NNBW.
“Ke kū nei mākou i mua o ka holomua ʻenehana.Ke hoʻohana nei mākou i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe loa a loaʻa i mea e mine ai i nā mea i ke ala palekana loa.
I ka manawa like, ke hana nei ʻo ʻAmelika e hōʻemi i kona hilinaʻi ʻana iā Kina e kūʻē i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka pilina US-China a me ke kaua ma nā ʻenehana e kū mai ana:
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jeff Green, ka pelekikena o ka lobbying firm JA Green & Co: "Ke hoʻopukapuka nei ke aupuni i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mana hou, e hoʻāʻo ana e kūkulu i nā mea āpau o ke kaulahao lako.ʻO ka nīnau inā hiki iā mākou ke hana i kēlā ʻoihana. "
ʻO kēia no ka mea he mau kānāwai koʻikoʻi ko ʻAmelika e pili ana i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hana.
ʻO ka mea hoʻohenehene, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke koi ʻana o Kina i nā mea ʻenekele honua a ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka lako o ka home no nā makahiki ʻelima i hala aku nei, e koi ana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā mea lawe mai Kina.
"ʻAʻole i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka palekana o ka honua ponoʻī o Kina," wahi a David Zhang, ka mea loiloi ma ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo Sublime China Information.
"Hiki iā ia ke hele i ka wā e pōʻino ai ka pilina o US-China a i ka wā i hoʻoholo ai ka General Myanmar e pani i ka palena."
Nā Puna: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Northern Nevada Business Week, Power Technology, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
Hoʻohana kēia pūnaewele, e like me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, i nā faila liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia nā kuki e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻoponopono i kāu ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-03-2022